Challenges faced by modern human resource management

Challenges faced by modern human resource management Nolan et al., (2007) mentioned that globalization has drastically altered the business environment through the fall of national borders and the rise of multinational organizations. Through this environment global competition has intensified, new markets have emerged and the flow of international labour has increased (Friedman, 2006). According to Watson (2007) in the near future, liberalisation is expected to continue along with standardisation of business language, processes and regulations. Coupled with technological advancements associated with increasing rapidity to market will continue to shift the basis of competitive advantage towards creative and innovative practices (Florida, 2002). Today, it would be difficult for any organization to achieve and sustain effectiveness without having an efficient Human Resource Management programs and activities. Both organizations and individual are facing with increasing rates of changing coupled with intense global and competitive market environments which led to new challenges .According to Iversen (2000) changes in workforce demography, technology and other environmental aspects are creating the need for new structures and management practices, which contribute to organizational commitment and flexibility Lastly, as the importance of organizational effectiveness is within an international context, it is imperative to investigate the challenges facing human resource management within a global economy. While these challenges exist not only because of globalization, but also due to technology and telecommunication advances, deregulation, diversity and other workforce changes, as well as trends in the nature of work and legal issues (Dessler, 2000). Current Challenges The increase of independent worker and self employment Nowadays, people tend to have more freedom in terms of whether to work or not, depending on their particular circumstances, than ever before. In addition, more people are choosing to work on a freelance, contract basic or to work part-time. They have more choices with regards to who they work for, the kind of work they do and for how long they are prepared to work. With this portfolio working also reduces a persons dependency on an individual employer and creates a workforce more able and predisposed to shape its own careers and lifestyles. Hence, people are able to exercise greater control over levels of discretionary effort and are willing to engage in negotiations over what has become known as the psychological contract (Hiltrop, 1996; Castells, 2000). Balancing Work-life Balancing work and life assumes relevance when both husband and wife are employed. Travails of a working housewife are more than a working husband, thus balancing it is becoming a major challenges. So there is a need of a programme which is capable of balancing work-life and is supposed to include a childcare at or near the workplace, job sharing, care for sick children and employees, on-site summer camp, training supervisors to respond to work and family needs of employees, flexible work scheduling, sick leave policies, variety of errands from dry cleaning, dropping children at schools, making dinner reservations etc and many more like the same or other. Motivational Approaches Workplace motivation is an important aspect as it influences people to do things which help to achieve organizational goals. For instance, in order for an individual to be motivated to complete organizational task effectively, their needs must be satisfied and met. Due to each individual may have different needs so different motivational tools must be utilized by the organization in order to encourage their employees to put in the needed effort thus increase productivity for the company. Organization survival and success are measured by the contribution from motivated employees in such a competitive market environments and changing workplace. Basically job characteristics, working environment and appropriate organizational reward system are the factor of motivation. Therefore the strongest motivational factors which can influence both job satisfaction and employee motivation are through a reward system wihch will affects the job satisfaction by making the employee more comfortable and contented as a result of the rewards received. Changing Workforce Dynamics Normally, physical relocation is required and with the increasing number of dual-career professionals will limits individual flexibility in accepting such assignments and as a result may hinder number of dual-career professionals. With that limitation in individual flexibility in accepting such assignments may also hinder organizational flexibility in acquiring and developing talent. Some demographic changes in the workforce having their own implications to the HR managers are: Increasing number of working mothers a steady decline of blue-collar employees who are giving way to white-collar employees Increasing awareness education among workers Changes in the external regulation of employment The misused of power by managers in areas such as hiring and firing, promotion and payment has been reduced by developments of legislation that give greater rights to employees and create new responsibilities for employers. Important examples of this trend are to be found in the areas of race, gender and age discrimination, employment protection, the treatment of pregnant women and trade union membership. One extreme example of the influence of the law on employment decisions can be found in the recent case in which the Swiss giant Nestle was ordered by a French court to reopen a loss-making plant, employing 427 workers, which had been closed in June 2005 (Evans-Pritchard, 2005). Despite sustained losses over several years, and a commitment either to find the employees jobs in other parts of France or to offer an early retirement package, the judge ordered the company to restart production and re-employ the workers. This decision was described by Nestle as unbelievable and unpreceden ted. While such extreme cases of legal intervention in business and employment are rare, the trend within the European Union to limit managements freedom to take rational business decisions where these threaten the legitimate interests of employees is increasing. Changed Employee Expectations Nowadays, employees demand empowerment and expect equality with the management. Krafft and Mahtrala (2010), states that it is only through true empowerment that staff will really contribute to the changing needs of a business, since they will then be doing things because they understand them and for the right reasons, thinking and reflecting on the changes and their likely impact, and above all feeling at ease with the implementation of change. Outsourcing HR Activities The trends towards outsourcing have been caused by several strategic and operational motives. Outsourcing has also been used to help reduce bureaucracy and to encourage a more responsive culture by introducing external market forces into the firm through the biding process. It is a big challenge before the HR manager to prove that his/her department is as important as any other functions in the organization. The relevance of HR is at stack. The challenges and replacement of physical power and manual skills by the power of knowledge, creativity and intellectual capital Knowledge-based industries are becoming more important together with the rise of the number of knowledge workers is creating a different kind of labour force, which has different requirements and expectations of work, and different expectations of how it will be managed. Knowledge workers can be seen to be different from other professional groups because, unlike those who draw upon a distinctive body of knowledge and work from this, the knowledge worker works with knowledge not only their own, but that generated and used by others, generated through such mechanisms as communities of practice and professional networks. Employability and Continuing Education This is a major area of challenge to most employers, especially those who employ large number of staff. Staffs have to take retraining in order to adapt a constantly changing external environment. It is a question of mind-set, working environment, and attitude towards self responsibility. The future will be characterized by the following needs, amongst other; The need to handle increasing complexity The need for continual enhancement of the management skill sets known as Life-Long Learning for example, the ability to adapt to changing environments, challenges and technology The need for a positive attitude to newly emerging opportunities as managers themselves has to become life-long learners. Recruitment and Retention Employee recruitment and selection is one the most vital HR functions as it is difficult to attract highly educated people. Next, retention focuses on the goal of keep well performing staff in the company. This depends not only on interesting work, fair compensation, and a motivating climate and management culture, but also on transparent and achievable career paths combined with a supportive management that provides guidance. Challenges of new technology With latest and advanced technology tend to reduce the number of jobs which require little skill and at the same time increase the number of jobs that require considerable skill. This shift we refer to as moving from touch labour to knowledge work. This will need to displace some employees and while other requires to be retrained. Challenges of globalization Globalization influences a significant portion of economy and affects the free flow of trade among countries. Besides that globalization also influences the number and kinds of jobs that are available and requires an organization to balance a complicated set of issues related to managing people with different cultures, geographies and legal environment. Managing Diversity Its value is getting more important issue because of increase in the number of young workers in the work-force, increase in the number of women joining the work-force, increase in the proportion of ethnic minorities in the total work-force, increase in mobility of work-force, international careers expatriates are becoming common, international experience as a pre-requisite for career progression to many top-level managerial positions. Human resources management approaches are not static due to they are not made one time and hold good forever. As a result they will have to undergo systematic changes in order to meet the requirements that may be happened in the future. For instance the methods that worked well in the past or now may not necessary work well in the present as operationally effective currently may need readjustment in order to cope with future needs. It is wise to have prior preparations by foreseeing possible changes and what required for the future. Future Challenges Workplace flexibility It is expected to be on the rise as the future workplace also known as the virtual office is characterized by creative and flexible work arrangements. As more employees tend to work off-site, there will be an increase in emphasis on performance and results as opposed to the number of hours worked. Besides that, off-site employees can expect to attend fewer meetings and as a result specified work will become much more collaborative and as a result management will have to spend nearly all its time managing cross-functional work. Technological Developments While organizations are growing in term of size, complexities and automation (computerization), it is important to examine: How technological development affects the specification of jobs in terms of different requirements of education skill required and organizational structure performance control. The suggested methods for instance including selection, personnel recruitment, analysis of job, developing compensation plans and appraisal systems. The strategies in ensuring employee acceptance of the programme are vital through the introduction and management of technological changes. Changes in the Socio-Cultural expectations of the work force These include changes in the compositions of work force in terms of their education, social background, and roots in urban setting and exposure to larger democratic culture of our country, all of which bring about changes in their expectations, attitudes and value-orientations which have bearing on the approaches to Human Resources Management. Challenge in Human Capital Human capital is intangible and cannot be managed the way organization manage jobs, technologies and etc. As employees own their own human capital, so if valued employees leave a company, they will take their human capital with them, and any investment the company has made in training and developing those people is lost. Increasing Shortage of Labor After the year 2010, the growth rate of workforce is projected to be declining even further. The annual growth rate is projected to be only 0.4 percent which is the lowest in more than a century. Therefore it is important to recognize that these statistics are very predictable based on the knowledge of birth, immigration, retirement, and death rates. Besides that, the terrorist attack of September 11, 2011 in the United States has caused the immigration laws to be more aggressively administered and as a result the immigration opportunities for skilled positions have been drastically reduced. To conclude, managing human capital is an ongoing challenge, especially as social, political and economic events take their toll. Strategies must continually be redefined to deliver improved return on investment in human capital. As HR professionals work within their own organizations, they must also cope with good and bad economies, new technology, and the social issues global, regional and national which affect their organizations.

Organizational Theories Response Essay

The different levels of law enforcement agencies all revolve around theories. The theories that are associated with law enforcement are the Organizational Theory, Management Theory. Within the Organizational Theory the departments are out to achieve specific goals. For example an organizational theory of a police department could be to ensure that the juvenile crime rate within specific areas are under control. To ensure that the juvenile crime rates are under control a specific police organization within a community could be tasked with monitoring juvenile crime and activities within the community in effort to bring the crimes committed by juvenile delinquents down to a minimum. The management theory within law enforcement revolves around ensuring that all of the police officers within a police department and the community are being properly managed. This would include managing all of the police officers within a police department to ensure that you have the right officers in the right areas for the right jobs. The management theory will also help to combat crime because a police commissioner would be able to manage the police officers under his or her charge to ensure that the right amount of officer are in the right places at the right time. The organizational theory breaks down how our law enforcement agencies are run. Within the different law enforcement agencies every agency is broken down and organized. This gives a structure a chain of command to follow and breaks down the responsibilities within a specific law enforcement agency. Refrences: Police Management: Police Management. (2002). Retrieved from http://roxbury.net/images/pdfs/pm3ch1.pdf Organizational Theory: Foundations of Organizational Theory . (2010). Retrieved from http://www.drtomoconnor.com/4000/4000lect01.htm

The Best Hunt - Original Writing Essay - 983 Words

The Best hunt I’d finally done it. I was hooked. The blood of a fresh kill laid upon the ground. After seven years of intensive hunting, stalking, and tracking I had killed my first deer. All of the blood, sweat, tears, and countless hours devout. It was done. All of it became worth it at the very end. I was 16, burnt out, and ready to give deer hunting a rest. I had hunted for seven long drawn out years, and never could get a shot at a deer. Many times I had gone only to no avail. There were times I went and never even seen a deer. But that all changed on the evening of October 26, 2013. This was my first time hunting alone. I was on my own, on my four wheeler, rifle on my back, and backpack on the four wheeler rack. I was headed to a new spot, only a few miles from my home in Rockwood. My hopes weren’t very high seeing what had happened every other hunt I’d ever been on. I had arrived at the spot to park my four wheeler and start my trek to the field I wanted to hunt through the over grown forest and undergrowth and brush thickets of briars. As I walked through thicket after thicket my patience began to diminish. I thought to myself, â€Å"how much farther of a walk is this, if I’m even going the right direction†. I was starting to wish I hadn’t decided to go hunting that evening. Although I had my regrets, and doubts, I returned to the slow stalking and sneaky pace. Kelley 2 I knew to myself that it was called hunting for a reason, but I was growing restlessShow MoreRelatedRobinson Jeffers: Life and Poetry1089 Words   |  4 Pagesdomesticated, it is wilder and more natural† (qtd. in Hunt, â€Å"Prose†). Robinson Jeffers said this about poetry, and a reader can feel this in his poems. Jeffers lived an interesting and fulfilling life. He enjoyed the solitude of his home on Carmel Point, and spending time with his family. 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Apparently he could not express himself well enough; after he had attempted to propose to her two times, she became engaged to Jefferson’s good friend, Jacquelin Ambler who innocently asked Jefferson if, at the wedding, he would serve as best man (AllisonRead MoreThe Setting Of Dracula By William Shakespeare1155 Words   |  5 PagesActivity 1 The setting of Dracula took place in Transylvania at Castle Dracula and travels over to Whitby. The author decided to pick this place because this was the birthplace of the Dracula stories. By using this it connected more with the original stories of Dracula instead of taking it somewhere else and make it more of a duplicate. While reading this book it made me feel like I was up and close to Dracula. If the setting would have taken place in a different place it would just have been anotherRead MoreThe Run And Gun Is The Genre Filling Countless Testosterone Induced Boys Joy With Dreams Of Saving The World1534 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral other issues. 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Fitzgerald’s fictional characters all help further show this breakdown in society through

The Sorrow of Hate Crimes Analysis Ballad of Birmingham - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1003 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Hate Crime Essay Did you like this example? In 1963, Birmingham, Alabama experienced a grave tragedy. On September 5th, the 16th Street Baptist Church was bombed and four girls lost their lives (Birmingham). In the Ballad of Birmingham, Dudley Randall portrays the tragedy of one mother who lost her daughter in the bombing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Sorrow of Hate Crimes Analysis Ballad of Birmingham" essay for you Create order Randall was born in 1914 in Washington, D.C. He moved to Detroit, Michigan six years later. He had always been into writing poetry and had his first published poem at the age of 13. He became a part of the Black Arts Movement in the 60s. This is when he wrote a tribute to the girls who died in the bombing (Dudley). The poem is about the little girl asking her mom to go to the protest in downtown Birmingham. However, the Mother said that she could not go downtown instead she had to go to church. When she was at church it was bombed, and the little girl ended up dying (Randall line 1-32). Dudley Randall uses imagery, tone, and irony to portray the feelings of the mother because of the hate crimes. Throughout the poem, Randall uses imagery to show the different emotions of the little girls mother. It is used to show how the mother views the protest going on downtown. She views the protest as violent and unfit for a child. The Mother says that the dogs are fierce and wild (Randall 6). When she says this, she describes the dogs which help to show how the protest can be violent with the strong words. Later in the poem, Randall shows the anxiety of the Mother through the line she clawed through bits of glass and bricks (Randall 29). She is searching through the remains of the church trying to find her little girl not even caring if she hurts herself while searching. She also says the line but, baby, where are you (Randall 32). This shows the pain the mother is suffering when she is unable to find the body of her little girl. Not only does the poet use imagery to express the feelings of the mother, but also how the little girl looks before she heads to the church. He says that she is bathed rose petal sweet saying she is dressed in all white including her shoes (Randall 18). This shows the innocence of the little girl and the purity she has heading off to church. Randalls imagery paints the horrific event that the Mother experienced during the hate crime in Birmingham that brought sorrow to her. Randall uses different tones throughout the poem to portray all the emotions he wants to show. His tone is serious throughout the whole poem. In the beginning, the tone is one of innocence because of the little girls dialogue. She is asking her mother politely to attend the march with some of her friends from school, by saying Mother dear, may I go downtown/ Instead of out to play (Randall 1-2). She is innocent and does not understand all the possibilities of what may occur if she were to attend the march. But it also shows the maturity of the girl, by her asking to go downtown to attend the march it shows that even little children understand what is going on. Through the mothers dialogue, in response to the girl talking, the tone is one of seriousness. The mother understands what could occur if her little girl were to attend the march as a young black child. Therefore, the mothers dialect is associated with a serious tone. At the end of the poem, the tone is one of sadness and sorrow. The mother finds a shoe that her child was wearing and asks where are you? (Randall 32). This quote shows just how distraught the mother is at the loss of her baby. Through the mom and the little girls tone, Randall shows ho w the hate crimes really make the African American community feel. The irony is another literary device that Randall uses to convey his message of the racism and hardship that African Americans were experiencing in the 1960s. The type of irony that he uses is situational irony. Situational irony is where what is expected to happen or to be, is actually the opposite of what occurs. In the poem, the little girls mother does not want her to go to the Freedom March because she is scared her little girl might die or be attacked. This is shown when the Mother says For I fear those guns will fire (Randall 14). Instead, she sends the little girl to church to participate in the childrens choir (Randall 16). The church is supposed to be a place of holiness, of goodness, of innocence. This is why the mother feels so comfortable sending her daughter to church rather than the march. The march is supposed to be a place of violence and torture, where no child should be sent. However, on September 5th the church was a place of violence and of pain and sorrow. This is situational irony because what the church is supposed to represent was actually represented in the opposite way. Through the use of imagery, tone, and irony Randall depicts what the mother experienced through the racism that occurs in the 1960s. Imagery is used to show the violence that the mother sees and the innocence of the little girl in the poem. Randalls tone in the poem is one of seriousness, this is to show how the problems in the 60s were experiencing terrible racial discrimination. The irony is used to show how a sacred place can actually be one of grave violence and sorrow. The three of these together make a powerful poem that shows them what has happened in the 60s is a terrible, depressing event. Randall made the poem so that the pain and sorrow of the mother would be remembered and to show what the time period was like for the African Americans. He wants the poem to be remembered so that what happened then does not happen in the future.

Foreshadowing, Mood, Mythical Parallels, and Narrative...

Foreshadowing, Mood, Mythical Parallels, and Narrative Elements in Dracula In the novel Dracula, by Bram Stoker, there is much evidence of foreshadowing and parallels to other myths. Dracula was not the first story featuring a vampire myth, nor was it the last. Some would even argue that it was not the best. However, it was the most original, using foreshadowing and mood to create horrific imagery, mythical parallels to draw upon a source of superstition, and original narrative elements that make this story unique. Anyone who has ever seen one of the several adaptations of Dracula as a movie will know that it was intended to be a horror story. Stoker goes to great lengths in order to create an†¦show more content†¦This quote elicits more thoughts of future events in the mind of the reader because there has already been some foreshadowing of other future events. The fact that the driver peered into the darkness, in the middle of the night, on the Eve of St. Georges, is evidence enough that there is some inauspicious portent. It was also mentioned before the above quote that the driver of the coach was mysterious, supernaturally strong, pale, and cold. Even the clueless would be able to recognize the foreshadowing element in those words. Another important element in creating a good horror story is of course mood, and there are many descriptive passages in Dracula that demonstrate mood. A great example is in the first chapter of the book, They were a hundred times more terrible in the grim silence which held them than even when they howled. For myself, I felt a sort of paralysis of fear. (Stoker, 12). This takes place still in the first chapter of Jonathan Harkers journal, when the driver calls to the wolves and then commands them to become silent. Here, the event that the last quote was hinting at is at last revealed, and the quote above summarizes the mood of the protagonist at this point. He was paralyzed with fear, meaning that he was so fearful that he could not even move. Stoker is very proficient at including vivid descriptions of mood in order to create a haunted atmosphere.

Pros and Cons Free Essays

Nowadays the majority of women prefer hospital when they give birth, though there are other places offering apparent benefits for pregnant women outside the hospital setting. When a woman is preparing for birth she needs to make up decision where to have a baby. Many women would be surprised finding out that hospitals don’t always have available places for women who give birth. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, women are seeking for new places outside hospitals and birth centers are possible the best ones. Hospitals provide only standardized care meaning the women are obliged to do things the hospital’s way without responding to their individual needs. In contrast to hospitals, birthing centers welcome women to walk around, to drink, to eat and to choose the most comfortable position when giving birth. Further, birth centers are claimed to be more private and intimate than hospitals. Patients get acquainted with al staff members and when it is time for women to give birth, she may be the only patient giving birth at that time. One more benefit is that birth centers provide more attention when they teach patients about breastfeed. Speaking about other advantages of birthing centers it is necessary to note that there are fewer medical interventions, higher commitment of medical staff, natural pain relief option, better freedom of movements during birth of baby and, finally, better conditions. Many birth centers provide help of doulas for future mothers. Doulas offer wide range of support for women including massage, aromatherapy, coping techniques and continuous reassurance. Support of doulas result in reduced cesarean rate, epidural requests, analgesia use and forceps delivery. Nevertheless, certain disadvantages of birthing centers exist. For example, centers have no available anesthesia. They have difficulties with transferring from centers to hospitals if there are complications with wither women or infant. Also birthing centers aren’t suited for women expecting twins, suffering from diabetes and having high blood pressure. References Birthing Center. Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http://www. americanpregnancy. org/labornbirth/birthingcenter. html Birthing Choices: Care Providers and Labor Locations. Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http://www. americanpregnancy. org/planningandpreparing/birthingchoices. html Rooks, J. Weatherby, N. (1989). Outcomes of Care in Birth Centers. The New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 26, 1804-1811. How to cite Pros and Cons, Papers

Case Study Of Bala Sport And Sweatshops †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of Bala Sport And Sweatshops. Answer: Drivers of Globalization and its Impact on Bala Sport: Drivers of globalization refer to the factors or forces that determine the context of the economic globalization. The drivers of globalization influence the cross border trades as well as determine the increasing interconnection across the global economy (block7.pdf 2017). This section discusses the impact of the globalization drivers on Bala Sport. Bala Sport is a Fairtrade certified football manufacturer based in Pakistan which manufactures handmade football and pays 10% premium on manufacturer cost to provide support to the workers family for healthcare and education. Impact of the Globalization Drivers on Bala Sport: The prime drivers of globalization are the cost, government, technological factors and the market. The impact of the drivers on Bala Sport is to be assessed in this section. Cost Drivers: Globalization influences the cost factor of the products of business for the organization. As a Fairtrade football manufacturer the company primarily focuses on the financial upliftment of the workers. The impact of the cost as a driver of globalization on Bala Sport determine the reduction of the input cost as the wages of the employees in the company shares a huge amount of cost from the manufacturing cost. Government Drivers: The actions by the government of decide the global economical environment. This also shapes the developing opening up of the states to the various market forces. The involvement of government in the business of the Bala Sport has projected a positive impact on the company (www.crowdfunder.co.uk. 2017). The government engagement in the Bala Sport business has ensured the inclusion of the authorized buyers of the products. Technological drivers: Technology is one of the major drivers that has enabled and shaped the global economical business context with the enhancement of the interconnection among the cross border traders. However, the technological impact of the globalization on Bala Sport is not apparent, as the cost of the technological implementation will be high for the company. Market Drivers: Market is another determinate of the globalization that influences the business of the organization in the global context. For Bala Sport, the global market plays a vital and significant role in determining the profit and value the labor of the staffs. 89% of the consumers of Bala Sport are from UK. This company has made a global recognition for delivering products with high quality despite lacking the technological addition. The most considerable driver for Bala Sport is the cost of the cost. The case study suggests that the price of the product creates the biggest problem for the company (the Guardian. 2017). In the case study, the co founder of the organization, Coull says that the people are not willing to buy a product from a not so popular brand and chose a popular brand, though that is not fair-trade. Coull expresses his concerns over the fact that the cost for of the company is high due to the fair-trade policy and the people are reluctant and lacks knowledge about the issue. The impact of the cost driver of globalization most considerable for Bala Sport as the company as well as the workers is suffering due to the reluctant nature of the people in buying the product. Another perception is there among the buyers that the Fairtrade products are crap without checking the quality of the product. This issue makes the cost of the product not effective for the business. Also, the company cannot compete with the other existing popular companies in the market. Moreover, the company pays 10% premium on the manufacturing cost for the welfare of the staffs. Conception of Sweatshops: The basic idea of sweatshops defines it as the employment practice by a business that is engaged one of the following conditions: forced labor, low wages, abusivemanagement or union busting and health and/or health and safety violations (McKeown 2017). All the conditions affect the labor of the organization. They are however, to suffer from any of the conditions if the employment practice by the company is referred to the sweatshops. Moreover, the employees of the sweatshops are typically treated and dominated by themanagement of the company. Ethical Acceptability of Sweatshops: The conception of sweatshops gives birth to the dilemma about the ethical acceptance of sweatshops. However, the answer implies various ideas. There are some sweatshops and the actions of the sweatshops that is ethically acceptable while others of the same re not. There are few theories or approaches to the studies on the ethical acceptance of the sweatshops. The approaches are: Deontological Ethics: This theory proposes the rational thinking of the people about the ethical decisions. The theory by Immanuel Kant suggests that the people must follow universally applicable and acceptable ethical rules while making decisions and actions for making ethically correct choice (block6.pdf 2017). Similarly, the football manufacturer must follow the rules of the universally ethical acceptance. Justice Theory: The justice theory in terms of the sweatshops implies that the workers should be paid proper wages or the reward according to the labor provided by them. The idea of distributive justice in the justice theory is explicit to the ethical acceptance of the sweatshops. The distributive justice refers to the proper distribution of benefits and resources amongst the employees (block6.pdf 2017). If the implication of the theory is properly done, then the sweatshops are ethically acceptable for the football manufacturing companies. Righteous Moralist: The righteous moralist is the sharp contradiction to the previous approaches. The approach implies that if the home country does not accept the idea, then it is unethical to accept the idea in other culture. However, this is relatively conflicting view as this is only deemed in the acceptability of the home country, otherwise dismissed. Considering the view in relating the same with the football manufacturer, this is noteworthy that the company like Bala Sport is a Fairtrade co operative set up from Scotland, which operates its business in Pakistan. If the home country Scotland accepts the idea then it is also accepted in Pakistan, otherwise not. Moral Universalist: This view is almost similar to the previous view. It proposes that if the working condition violates the universal moral norms, then sweatshop is morally acceptable. Moreover, this is a philosophically oriented view and requires the establishment of the universal moral norms. For the football manufacturer company if the operating country is established with moral norms then the idea is accepted in the country. Nave Immoralist: The name implies the idea of the view. According to this view, if the sweatshop is an effective way of making things happen and increases the profit then it is acceptable. The problem with the view is that this is unethical and immoral, because the business cannot use the human labor in an indiscriminating way for increasing profit. This conflicting theory for the football manufacturing company is immoral, as the labors are severely affected by the sweatshops. However, another view implies that if the employee enters into the employment with prior knowledge of the working condition, then sweatshops are not unethical. The view also focuses on the issues that sweatshops provide employment opportunities to the excluded people from labor market and other alternative opportunities as the substitute of the low wages (block7.pdf 2017). Reference: block6.pdf. 2017. [online] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/1676403_2081427902_block6.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017]. block7.pdf. 2017. [online] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/1676404_1148765163_block7.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017]. McKeown, M., 2017. Sweatshop Labour as Global Structural Exploitation.Exploitation: From Practice to Theory, p.35. the Guardian. 2017.News, sport and opinion from the Guardian's global edition | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/international [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017]. www.crowdfunder.co.uk.2017.[online]Available at:https://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/uploads/communityshares/balasports/fair%20trade%20sports%20balls%20ltd%20business%20plan.pdf [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017].